看过文艺复兴的隆鼻技术会让你超庆幸我们现在拥有的技术。背后的原因也更为吓人!

拜科技的日新月异所赐,整形的技术也越来越先进,不论是相当费工夫的手术或是施打针剂的微整型,都是现在社会越来越常听到的事,但你知道关于”隆鼻”这件事情,其实早在欧洲的文艺复兴时期时就相当地兴盛了吗?但当时的人们隆鼻的目的,却和现代人隆鼻的理由

February 7, 2015
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拜科技的日新月异所赐,整形的技术也越来越先进,不论是相当费工夫的手术或是施打针剂的微整型,都是现在社会越来越常听到的事,但你知道关于”隆鼻”这件事情,其实早在欧洲的文艺复兴时期时就相当地兴盛了吗?但当时的人们隆鼻的目的,却和现代人隆鼻的理由大不相同。

“梅毒”是个主要经由性行为传染的病毒,16世纪时人类还没有治疗梅毒的手段,当时这个疾病在欧洲可说是横行无阻,一直到1982年盘尼西林的出现,病情才得到控制。

Syphilis is a nasty sexually transmitted disease that made its way around Europe during the 16th century. Syphilis was incurable until penicillin came onto the scene in 1928.
Wikipedia
 
梅毒患者在罹病后下半生会有一些病征,像是皮肤溃烂、逐渐失明、瘫痪、痴呆而最后会死亡。
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而梅毒病患也会有一个特殊的”鞍鼻 (Saddle Nose)”症状,鼻梁连同周遭的肌肉会渐渐腐烂塌陷。

People with syphilis also usually developed a condition known as "saddle nose." This is when the bridge of the nose caves into the face. Saddle nose is accompanied by the gradual rotting away of the surrounding flesh.
Rhinoplasty In Seattle
 
鞍鼻的情形。

 

而文艺复兴时期的社会,鞍鼻被视为是一种耻辱的标记,认为是生活不检点或太放纵的象征。

In Renaissance society, saddle nose became a mark of stigma. For those unafflicted, saddle nose was a symbol of the sufferer's moral shortcomings and corruption.
Flickr/Tony Alter
 
因为当时这样的社会风气,让这些受鞍鼻所苦 (不一定是梅毒所致) 的人们开始寻求能够遮掩或改善这项缺陷的方式,当时最常见的隆鼻方式是切下一小块前额的皮肤贴在鼻子上,但一位名叫Gaspare Tagliacozzi的外科医生则选择了不一样的做法。
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首先他会切开患者的上臂,将它弄成鼻子的形状后再贴在患者的鼻子上,就像下图所示,患者必须维持手臂这个姿势约2星期、直到”新鼻子”愈合为止,然后Tagliacozzi会再将手臂上已做好的新鼻子切掉、然后将新皮肤塑造成鼻子,整段疗程大约需历时5个月的时间。

Tagliacozzi became famous for his unique surgical methods. Instead of cutting a piece of skin off of the forehead and attaching it to the nose (as was common at the time), Tagliacozzi did something counterintuitive.
Europeana

 

当时也有人批评Tagliacozzi的手术方法太拙劣,根本是乱来。也有一些例子显示,Tagliacozzi做的鼻子在冬天的时候会转成紫色然后掉落。

There were some who argued Tagliacozzi's method was inferior to the more popular rhinoplasty of the time known as the "Indian Method." In fact, there were a few reports of the noses that Tagliacozzi created turning purple and falling off in the winter.
Flickr/Science Museum London
 
但尽管如此,Tagliacozzi一直到去世之前都认为自己发明的隆鼻方法是最棒的。

 

虽然Tagliacozzi的隆鼻方法在他死后就渐渐式微,但后来还是偶有用此方法来隆鼻的案例,像是1944年的这一位士兵鼻子受到严重的创伤,便是透过Tagliacozzi医生的方法来重新建造的。

Though Tagliacozzi's method fell out of fashion after his death, it was still occasionally used. This solider's face was severely damaged in 1944, and Tagliacozzi's Italian Method was employed to rebuild it.
Harvard

来源:The Chirurgeon’s Apprentice

想不到原来隆鼻在这么久以前就已经兴盛了,但这个方法真是光用想的就觉得很痛苦…要长出一个鼻子、用手臂的肉?!光听就太超乎人体极限了!得赶快去隆个鼻压压惊啊!(别听我胡说…哈哈)

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